I didn't apply the patch by hand, but I just now let SPARTACUS update it for me. Spartacus said version 0.10, which is what it says in the patch, so I'm pretty sure your changes are there.
My hypothesis does still seem to be correct though, it is only doing it on entries that have been modified once after initally being added by the aggregator. As long as it has changed once, it remains 'new' every subsequent running of the aggregator.
Here's the debug line for the entry that wasn't previously showing up as new, but repeatedly does after I modified it:
DEBUG: parseDate(Thu, 27 Jul 2006 15:11:26 -0700) as 2006-07-27 15:11:26 (strtotime) DEBUG: pubDate Thu, 27 Jul 2006 15:11:26 -0700 = 1154038286 DEBUG: lookup cache_entries[Ok Sean, Hows This?][2][1156298679] finds 143. DEBUG: lookup cache_md5[2e099179e65768bae9560588a3c91963] finds nothing. Save 'Ok Sean, Hows This?' as 143.